Joined in 2023 
82 
63 About this deal
The prenasalized stops formed with a nasal followed by a voiceless plosive are allophonic to the voiceless plosives alone in some variations of Lingala.
The word database contains accents, mainly for pronunciation, but the detection code ignores them, so don't rely on them A fresco by Congolese painter Chéri Samba in Matongé, Brussels. The blue text in the middle is in “Lingala” (actually mixed French/Lingala) — “eza” means “is” (short for “ezali”)Qu'attendez-vous ? Rejoignez la communauté de LINGALA Ya Muana Congo et prenez en main votre propre apprentissage dès aujourd'hui🚀. Map of the stages of Bantu expansion across southern Africa. The second map shows that the Great Lakes region (Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, etc.) was a major center for outwards migration. Northwestern (or Equateur) Lingala is the product of the (incomplete) internalization by Congolese of the prescriptive rules the CICM missionaries intended when designing Literary Lingala. [21] [22] The northwest is a zone where the CICM missionaries strongly supported the network of schools. Lingala words show vowel harmony to some extent. The close-mid vowels /e/ and /o/ normally do not mix with the open-mid vowels /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ in words. For example, the words ndɔbɔ 'fishhook' and ndobo 'mouse trap' are found, but not *ndɔbo or *ndobɔ. To a certain extent, noun class allocation is semantically governed. Classes 1/2, as in all Bantu languages, mainly contain words for human beings; similarly, classes 9/10 contain many words for animals. In other classes, semantical regularities are mostly absent or obscured by many exceptions.
Spoken Lingala (called lingala parlé in French) is the variety mostly used in Lingalaphones' day-to-day lives. It has a full morphological noun prefix system, but the agreement system in the noun phrase is laxer than the literary variety's. There is a five-vowel system and no vowel harmony. Spoken Lingala is largely used in informal functions, and the majority of Lingala songs use spoken Lingala. Modern spoken Lingala is influenced by French; French verbs, for example, may be "lingalized", adding Lingala inflection prefixes and suffixes: "acomprenaki te" or "acomprendraki te" ("he did not understand", using the French word comprendre) instead of classic Lingala "asímbaki ntína te" (literally: "s/he grasped/held the root/cause not"). These French influences are more prevalent in Kinshasa and indicate an erosion of the language as education in French becomes accessible to more of the population. There are pronunciation differences between "Catholic Lingala" and "Protestant Lingala", for example nzala/njala ("hunger"). Geographic distribution of Lingala speakers, showing regions of native speakers (dark green) and regions where Lingala is spoken by a minority. (light green)Another textbook I used early on was Swahili: A Foundation for Speaking, Reading, and Writing. And after that, I somehow managed to get my hands on a series of Russian-language Swahili textbooks that I found to be better (more systematic and more logically presented) than any of the English material out there: This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.
In terms of phonology, Xhosa also features the Welsh ll sound, a voiced version of that sound, a three-way plain-aspirated-voiced consonant system that’s similar to Wu Chinese, vowel length distinctions, and rising and falling tones. The tones and the long vowels in particular give the language a very pleasant rhythm and cadence, quite different from Swahili or Lingala. For example, here’s another online Lingala course in French. (Unfortunately it looks like this is also an expired domain, and the archived version doesn’t have working audio links.) The first ten lessons of this are also available in Spanish if that’s more your thing. And here’s a Lingala-French/French-Lingala dictionary to help with independent study. two panes" to display the Lingala at the top and the French or the English or the Swahili version at the bottomMeeuwis, Michael (2020). A Grammatical Overview of Lingala. München: Lincom. p.27. ISBN 9783969390047. The Mandombe script is an abugida, primarily used to write Kikongo, that can also be used for Lingala. It is used as a liturgical script in the church of Kimbangu. At the same time, Swahili is still very much a Bantu language in terms of grammar, so I wasn’t missing out on anything in that department. It has an elaborate noun-class system that requires adjective and verb agreement. Things like subject pronoun, object pronoun, tense, negation and relative clause markers are all represented by various prefixes and infixes in front of the verb root, while concepts like passive voice, causation, and “doing something for someone” are all expressed by different derivational suffixes after the verb, resulting in lots of long words.
Great Deal 
New Comment